Programa del congreso

El sistema expuesto en este trabajo propone un cambio de paradigma en la tecnología utilizada comercialmente en la implementación de sistemas de seguridad inalámbricos. La principal diferencia radica en el uso de técnicas de retrodispersión juntamente con señales de espectro ensanchado. Este cambio de tecnología permite reducir por debajo del miliamperio el consumo de los nodos inalámbricos, lo que permite prescindir de las baterías, y consecuentemente, eliminar el mantenimiento periódico necesario de los sistemas comerciales. Esta comunicación aborda los diferentes retos y soluciones para la implementación del sistema (protocolo de comunicación, implementación del hardware, etc.), centrándose principalmente en el diseño del sensor inalámbrico.

The fusion of Augmented, Mixed and Virtual reality known as Extended Reality (XR) is revolutionizing how we interact with digital environments. This paper explores the concept of dark patterns and their implications in the design of XR applications. We examine how such patterns impact user experience, raise ethical concerns, and are relevant in the near-future Metaverse applications. In addition, we introduce a classification system consisting of five types of dark patterns, underscoring the importance of educating users and enforcing ethical guidelines to protect privacy and data in XR scenarios. The described approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the practical hurdles posed by dark patterns in this domain, encompassing issues like user well-being, ethical design in Extended Reality, and the influence of dark patterns on user perceptions and behaviors within the rapidly advancing technological landscape.

El artículo presenta la implementación de una red de prueba Wi-Fi con múltiples puntos de acceso, facilitando la evaluación de diversos algoritmos de selección de canal. Compuesto por múltiples puntos de acceso, un controlador central y un conjunto de dispositivos clientes, la arquitectura de la red refleja un escenario realista similar a un ISP que gestiona varios puntos de acceso en áreas urbanas densamente pobladas. Aprovechando los protocolos MQTT y HTTP para la comunicación, junto con Docker para implementación de software simplificada, la red permite la evaluación de algoritmos de selección de canal, ya sea basados en aprendizaje automático o reglas heurísticas.

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a novel indoor localization device that integrates Ultra-Wideband (UWB), WiFi, and WiFi Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) technologies. By combining these technologies, our work aims to enhance localization accuracy and reliability compared to systems reliant on a single technology. A hardware prototype is developed, and the necessary infrastructure for its operation is described, along with a specialized localization algorithm that adapts to the characteristics of the combined signals. Measurement results from a test environment demonstrate significant improvements in precision and reliability. This integrated approach also contributes to cost reduction by opportunistically utilizing existing reference points within a scenario.

In the last weeks, a major attack on the supply chain of a large base of Free Software was uncovered. The attack was carefully executed on the time frame of several years, where technical expertise and psychological operations were deployed by a malicious party with the objective of opening a backdoor in Linux-based systems. The backdoor was, allegedly, targeted towrds SSH, one of the most important services running over the Internet, and was executed by including malicious code in one of the dependencies, the XZ utils compression library. This paper will describe the attack, what would be its consequences, especially in the telecommunications sector, and what cautions can be taken to prevent future similar attacks.

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) en aviónica es un área en desarrollo que busca aprovechar las capacidades delos estándares TSN para mejorar la comunicación en tiempo real y la interoperabilidad en sistemas aeroespaciales. Por lo tanto, esta investigación describe la implementación de un banco de pruebas destinado a validar redes TSN, asegurando que cumplan con los estrictos requisitos de sincronización y latencia de las aplicaciones de aviónica. Al proporcionar una plataforma integral para pruebas y validación, el banco de pruebas contribuirá al avance de la tecnología TSN en aplicaciones aeroespaciales, mejorando en última instancia la seguridad y eficiencia de las operaciones aéreas.

This paper presents the development of a bidirectional communication interface between two devices whose sole link is through the use of QR Codes. In this way, the original QR functionality is extended with a file transfer service, while a new secure link, save from radiofrequency interference and eavesdropping, is provided for an easy and secure personal device synchronization. The implemented communication system has been designed to connect devices equipped with screens and cameras. Two versions have been developed. One, as a proof of concept, on two Raspberry Pi units, and the other, focused on the end user, on Android smartphones, that can be download and installed from the official Store site.

El progreso en las tecnologías inalámbricas y la creciente demanda de la sociedad de mantenerse permanentemente conectada han elevado la importancia de las comunicaciones inalámbricas hasta convertirlas en un aspecto esencial de la vida cotidiana. Además, el mayor impacto en el crecimiento del tráfico de red se atribuye a la aparición de servicios de video streaming. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es investigar el impacto que tienen las condiciones de una red Wi-Fi en la calidad de experiencia (Quality of Experience, QoE) de video streaming del usuario. Para ello, este artículo presenta un sistema basado en modelos de clasificación y regresión de aprendizaje automático (Machine Learning, ML) para la estimación de Key Quality Indicators (KQIs) basados en las métricas y los parámetros de configuración a bajo nivel de la red Wi-Fi.

Esta contribución explora la comunicación en banda de onda milimétrica, haciendo hincapié en el procedimiento de gestión de haz clave para los avances en 5G. Propone una antena lineal de 1x4 parches con barrido jerárquico de formación de haces en conjunto con la conformación adaptativa de haz. Las pruebas experimentales muestran una detección eficiente de fuentes, demostrando la reducción de pasos y una identificación rápida de las fuentes.

This work presents a validation of the CLAF-SIW technology to manufacture filters for the millimeter-wave frequency range. The studied filter is a bandpass filter composed of four cavities stacked and coupled by means of iris (a total of five iris are used). Each layer is composed of a PCB of commercial thickness. The iris layers are prototyped by metallizing the slot edges, while the cavity layers contain the CLAF-SIW structure using double mushrooms as an EBG structure. The filter is obtained immediately by simply adapting the effective width of the CLAF-SIW cavity to the reference cavity, for which the effects affecting this effective value have been studied. A prototype has been fabricated with good agreement between measurement, simulation, and the ideal cavity filter response for a 36 to 37.5 GHz passband. The small discrepancies are due to the differences in the real gap between laminates and manufacturing tolerances.

This paper presents a millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G communication system incorporating a phased array antenna and a transceiver. The testbed features a custom-manufactured planar active phased array antenna with linear polarization, housing an 8$\times$8-element planar array BeamForming Integrated Circuit (BFIC). The 27 GHz transceiver, a prototype, is built using off-the-shelf components and engineered to upconvert signals from 3.5 GHz to 27 GHz. Furthermore, an emulation of a 3GPP-inspired gNodeB, based on the FR2 5G signal, is included. A comprehensive measurement campaign was conducted in an indoor environment. Additionally, a comparison with a passive antenna was conducted for 16-QAM modulation scheme. The obtained results support that the integration of a phased array antenna is a promising technology for the future of wireless communications.

In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach for determining the complex permittivity (ε) and permeability (𝜇) of magnetodielectric composites. Our methodology uses artificial neural network (ANN) modeling to determine these key parameters from S-parameter data collected at 2.45 GHz. These measurements are performed by a novel microstrip split ring resonator (SRR)-based resonant sensor, offering enhanced precision and reliability in the estimation process.

The advent of the new fifth-generation (5G) wireless network deployments is supposing a challenge for the service providers. The high losses and propagation mechanisms detriment inherent in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band combined with the complexity of real scenarios require simulation tools that take into account all the influencing factors. In this context, we have developed an innovative simulator for deploying, analyzing and optimizing new 5G wireless networks. After performing a non-stand alone (NSA) deployment, it is able to test its performance by studying mobile users along the simulation region. This paper summarizes its main functionalities and the most outstanding characteristics. In addition, a use case of real deployment and mobility analysis is presented as an example of the simulation tool capabilities.

In this paper, the communication antennas for LUR-1 mission are presented. LUR-1 is a satellite that will orbit at 500 km above the Earth with the purpose of taking images of the planet. This satellite uses the S and X Band to communicate with the ground station. The S Band antenna has TTC (Telemetry, Tracking and Command) functions while the X Band will be used for downlink data. Anteral has developed both antennas and the mission is programmed to be launched in June 2024.

The “radio blackout” phenomenon is the communications loss between a spacecraft and the Earth during the re-entry in the atmosphere. The intense heating of the air around the spacecraft ionizes it creating a plasma layer that prevents the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Several techniques have been proposed to mitigate this phenomenon, such as the use of higher frequencies, the aerodynamic shape of the reentry capsule, the cooling of the thermal shield itself, or the creation of an intense magnetic field. However, none of them is completely effective. This paper describes the underlying Physics, presents the simulation results of the plasma properties around an ARD-like reentry capsule in terms of electron density, temperature, and pressure, and the attenuation in [dB/m] at three different heights. It is shown that the presence of an intense magnetic field significantly reduces the cut-off frequency and the attenuation above it favoring the propagation of radio waves.

This work presents preliminary results on a measurement campaign at mmW between 26 and 40 GHz in an indoor environment in line-of-sight conditions. 2D-virtual arrays and 3D-directional sounding were tested in the same identical positions to investigate the accuracy of both approaches by comparing the directional characteristics of the double directional radio channel. The radio channels and corresponding characteristics were also simulated with an in-house 3D ray tracer. The results show that both approaches are different by nature, due to the fact that different antennas are used in each approach. URA and 3D rotor share the same large-scale characteristics. The capacity of the 3D rotor to sound the channel in the elevation plane is better than that of the more complex planar URA due to its limited aperture and the use of an omnidirectional antenna. This comes at the expense of longer measurements as the number of positions is much larger

En los últimos años, los sistemas RFID se han utilizado para numerosas aplicaciones, incluyendo la apicultura. Por tanto, es necesario estudiar el entorno en el que se usan estos sistemas. En este trabajo, se modela el panal de una colmena y un sistema RFID UHF (lector y etiqueta) utilizando el software CST Studio, y se compara con medidas empíricas. El panal (44,5x23,5x2cm) está compuesto por un marco de madera con alambres y cera de abejas. La antena del lector se coloca en un lateral del panal y la etiqueta se posiciona en diferentes puntos sobre él, considerando entre y sobre los alambres. Los resultados muestran un comportamiento periódico en la potencia recibida de la etiqueta, tanto en las medidas como en la simulación. Además, cuando el tag se coloca sobre los alambres del panal, la potencia recibida es mayor que en el caso de colocarlo entre dos alambres.

Usually the analysis of intra-wagon environments is performed considering empty scenarios, without any person inside the wagon. Only some works have addressed the influence of passengers in the wireless channel in this kind of scenarios. Moreover, the analysis in these works is limited to the computation of the signal strength and the path loss values. In this work we have simulated the wireless channel in two sub-bands of the millimeter wave band using a ray tracing tool. The path loss and the root-mean-squared delay spread have been calculated from the simulations, allowing a deeper insight than previous works. The computed parameters have been compared with measured and simulated values.

El factor K es una medida de la calidad del canal radio, cuyo conocimiento es importante en el diseño de técnicas de transmisión y recepción orientadas a mitigar el efecto de selectividad en tiempo, espacio y frecuencia introducido por el canal. En esta comunicación se realiza un estudio experimental de la distribución del factor K en un escenario de laboratorio caracterizado por la existencia de un elevado número de contribuciones multicamino. Los valores del factor K han sido estimados a partir de medidas de banda ancha realizadas en el margen de frecuencias de 24 a 40 GHz. La estimación se ha realizado a partir de la función de transferencia compleja del canal, utilizando el método de los momentos como si de canales de banda estrecha se tratase. Los valores del factor K estimados se han utilizado para evaluar la capacidad de sistemas MIMO en este tipo de entornos, demostrando que es posible su implementación incluso en condiciones de visión directa sin una degradación importante con respecto al canal ideal tipo Rayleigh.

This paper presents a frequency modulation

continuous wave (FMCW) C-band radar system with high

sensitivity and 2D detection capacity to detect low-radar cross

section targets and to measure their range and velocity. A low

jitter high signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SINAD) S band

signal is directly generated by an SDR system which greatly

increases the quality of the obtained and measured signals. Up

conversion to C-Band by x2 frequency multiplication is

performed. Proper amplification and filtering of emitted and

detected signals are implemented to achieve 70dB dynamic range

in the final system. The transmitter antenna is a single 60º

aperture whereas multi-long baseline interferometer (MLBI)

concept is implemented in the receiver antenna for a low cost, low

dimension, and high angle resolution in the 2D position of the

targets. Measurements in terms of the range and the velocity of a

small drone have been carried out to evaluate the proposed radar

system. Micro-Doppler signature is also measured and evaluated.

The results show that we can clearly detect, identify and track

the small drone within a 350 m range, which demonstrates the

high performance of the radar and its potential use for

unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) tracking and identification.

This study explores the characteristics of the substrate-integrated hole (SIH) unit cells within parallel-plate waveguides (PPW). The fundamental SIH unit cell has been enhanced by integrating a metallic patch. A comparative analysis has been conducted between the unit cell featuring a perfect dielectric hollow with a patch and the one incorporating SIH with a patch. The dimensions of the unit cells are investigated to examine the various effective refractive indices. Furthermore, an application scenario is presented, demonstrating the design of a lens leveraging the SIH unit cells within a horn-type aperture antenna in Contact Less Air Filled SIW (CLAF-SIW) technology.

En este artículo se describe el desarrollo, fabricación y medida de una celda unitaria ajustable mecánicamente para el diseño de una superficie inteligente reconfigurable (RIS). Se ha implementado un diseño innovador basado en un cilindro metálico y un elemento cónico metalizado para lograr una reconfiguración de 1-bit (desfase de 180º) a 28 GHz. Además se ha realizado su fabricación y la validación experimental del prototipo así como un estudio de propagación en un entorno indoor real.

This paper extends and consolidates previous work related to an all-metallic, low-loss mechanical phase shifter implemented in gap-waveguide technology. The phase shifter is developed for Ka-band, to be used as part of a ground terminal for satellite-on-the-move communications. The device is formed by three levels. Levels 0 and 2 remain fixed whereas level 1 is rotatory. The rotation of level 1 does not increase the volume of the device in any case, and allows for the device to introduce a progressive phase shift between consecutive channels. This progressive phase shift provides beam steering capabilities to any array. Thanks to the arc-shaped and inverted-arc-shaped phase shifting waveguides, the device is able to provide continuous beam steering across the broadside point.

In this paper we have compared the time domain

delay spread parameters for the FR3 band using 1-40 GHz

measured data with those obtained from simulations in the

Wireless Insite software. Path loss models have been proposed

and a difference of about 2.7 dB in measured and simulated

received power has been obtained, the percentage error in the

mean square value of the measured and simulated delay spread

varies and is at best equal to 2.63 %. A convergence study shows

that it is not necessary to simulate more than 4 reflections, since

the percentage error in the relative received power and the root

mean square delay spread between the measured and simulated

results remain almost constant as the number of reflections

increases.

The combination of two leaky wave antennas implemented in Groove Gap Waveguide (GGWG) technology is proposed in this work as a simple way to obtain a flat-top radiation pattern. The design consists of two stacked GGWG leaky wave antennas with different radiation angles and full control on the amplitude distribution of the field to achieve low side-lobes and high radiation efficiency.

En este artículo se propone el uso de la herramienta

PyAEDT para llevar a cabo una sesión de laboratorio centrada

en el análisis de antenas dipolo. Esta propuesta se fundamenta en

la creciente integración de la programación en Python con las

herramientas de Ansys, tanto en la industria como en la

investigación. Esto ha sido posible gracias a las librerías

PyAnsys, utilizadas para optimizar procesos y combinar

resultados de simulación con el ecosistema Python. Debido al

aumento en la utilización de estas librerías y a las oportunidades

que ofrecen en el ámbito académico, tanto para reforzar el

aprendizaje técnico a través de simulaciones y explorar

soluciones multidisciplinarias como para conectar a los alumnos

con habilidades requeridas como futuros ingenieros, se han

comenzado una serie de iniciativas para introducir PyAnsys a

alumnos de grados de ingeniería. Basándonos en los exitosos

resultados obtenidos en eventos anteriores en otras disciplinas,

proponemos en este artículo la introducción de PyAEDT a

estudiantes de Telecomunicaciones mediante la simulación de

una antena dipolo como parte de una sesión de laboratorio de

antenas. Se detallará el flujo de instrucciones de código utilizado,

junto con los resultados obtenidos. Concluimos destacando los

posibles beneficios de esta propuesta y así como futuras líneas de

trabajo basadas en el ejemplo presentado en este artículo.

We present a framework for integrating servicelearning methodologies into university education, in partnership with associations devoted to assisting people with special needs. The projects utilized Arduino technology, serving as the first encounter with this technology for many students. The description provided in this paper extends from the initial engagement with these associations to its culmination in a technology fair, where students showcased their projects to people with autism spectrum.

To date, there is no straightforward method for monitoring meteorological conditions in real-time through experimental measurements. Consequently, all weather predictions rely on forecasting models, which are unable to adapt to actual weather changes, thereby compromising their accuracy. The project described in this paper seeks to establish a weather measurement system that leverages the relationship between climatic conditions and the phenomena of cosmic ray degradation and muon generation. If this relationship is accurately defined, it could lead to the development of a model that predicts atmospheric conditions based on the flux of muons and cosmic rays and the occurrence of the aforementioned phenomena. This paper provides a theoretical foundation to support the viability of the project, outlines the proposed configuration of the system, and discusses the implementation of its most crucial components. This project was undertaken by students from the Degree in Engineering in Telecommunication Technologies at the Public University of Navarre (UPNA), within the course Projects in Telecommunication Systems.

Este trabajo presenta una propuesta de aprendizaje basado en proyectos para el aprendizaje de las tecnologías radar. El proyecto se basa en el diseño y configuración de un radar meteorológico, mediante trabajo en grupo, para que cumpla una serie de prestaciones. El proyecto permite abordar un amplio conjunto de contenidos del temario: sección radar (RCS), ecuación radar aplicada a radares meteorológicos, tecnologías de transmisión y recepción, tecnologías para la mejora de la capacidad de detección (integración de pulsos) y tecnologías para la obtención de información adicional (radares de polarización dual). El proyecto se apoya en diferentes técnicas docentes (seminarios para trabajo en grupo, prácticas de aula y prácticas de ordenador, tutorías grupales y clases magistrales breves) y aplica una evaluación continua con retroalimentación. Esta propuesta busca incentivar el aprendizaje autónomo, fomentar el trabajo colaborativo en grupos y contribuir en las capacidades del alumnado para la resolución de retos tecnológicos.

En este artículo se presenta el concepto de inducción electromagnética aplicado a los sistemas de carga inalámbrica. Tomando como referencia el estándar Qi, se proponen una serie de experimentos sencillos que pueden realizarse en prácticas de laboratorio de asignaturas relacionadas con Física y Campos Electromagnéticos. Haciendo uso de un analizador de redes de bajo coste y dos bobinas planas puede analizarse el efecto de acoplamiento entre ellas y evaluar la pérdida de eficiencia en función de la separación y disposición espacial de las mismas. Haciendo uso de una base de carga comercial es posible mediante una bobina observar la existencia de un protocolo de comunicación entre la base y el dispositivo previo a la carga del mismo. Los experimentos permiten introducir a los alumnos de cursos tempranos de las titulaciones de grado en conceptos físicos de electromagnetismo e instrumentación.

La comunicación escrita se ha visto gravemente afectada por la proliferación de sistemas de inteligencia artificial generativa. El uso de estas aplicaciones proporciona ventajas, centradas esencialmente en la eficiencia, pero también inconvenientes que, al margen de plantear desafíos significativos sobre la autenticidad de los contenidos, afecta profundamente al aprendizaje de la escritura y, en consecuencia, a la capacidad de comunicación de las personas. En este trabajo se analiza el efecto negativo que ha supuesto el uso de estas aplicaciones en las actividades docentes encaminadas a reforzar las competencias transversales en las enseñanzas de ingeniería. En concreto, se analiza la influencia del uso de aplicaciones de IA generativa en torno a la redacción de cuentos de divulgación científica.

This paper summarizes the most relevant aspects corresponding to an instructional experience carried out to improve the learning process and academic outcomes of the students during the theoretical lessons of two subjects in the Computer Engineering degree. Such an experience consists in the application of the methodology of Peer Instruction with the following educational objectives: 1) making theoretical lessons more interactive and so involving the students in their own learning process in a more active way; 2) improving the un- derstanding of abstract and complex concepts; 3) encouraging the sutdent’s capabilities to argue and make critical judgments; and 4) the professors can identify those areas where students present more problems. The paper presents some of the current challenges for teaching complex concepts in theoretical lectures, a justification for the suitability of Peer Instruction in this context, the particular application of this methodology in two subjects, and a reflection considering the preliminary results.

The industrial applications of microwaves are

restricted in the ISM band (Industrial, Scientific & Medical). For

few years ago, the power source of this kind of applications was

focused on basically in magnetron (high performance oscillator

tube). Nowadays, there are sources based on solid state which

have high performance, and are able to reach more than 1000W

power with a unique transistor. This means that, taking in

account all the advantages of solid state (such as spectral purity,

control, electrical safety, reliability…), is possible to use multiples

illuminations on the load, controlling power, frequency and

phase of each antenna, all inside a microwave cavity.

The application of ray-tracing for the efficient analysis of curved leaky-wave antennas combined with shaped dielectric lenses is presented in this work. Thanks to the ray-tracing technique, based on geometrical optics, the phase and amplitude of the fields at the lens aperture is obtained with low computational load. This computation also takes into account the reflections due to the change of media between the lens and the air. With this, the far-field radiation pattern is accurately and efficiently calculated using Kirchhoff's scalar diffraction theory. The results are validated against full-wave simulations, achieving a significant time reduction above 99%.

Este articulo se centra en el desarrollo de un simulador 2D basado en el método de elementos finitos (FEM) implementado en el lenguaje Julia para resolver el campo electromagnético en el interior de una guía de ondas. Este desarrollo es una prueba de concepto para probar el entorno de trabajo y las prestaciones computacionales de Julia, que es una herramienta con cierta expansión en el campo de la computación científica pero no el en el del electromagnetismo computacional. En este trabajo se describe la formulación del problema, la metodología de implementación, y se verifica el correcto funcionamiento del código con la resolución de los modos de funcionamiento de una guía de ondas rectangular, que tiene solución analítica.

The characterization of the frequency response of microwave filters has traditionally been carried out through rigorous analysis and simulations based on theoretical models, which can be complex and time-consuming.

By training neural networks on input-output pairs obtained from filter measurements or simulations across a range of frequencies, the model learns to accurately predict the response of the filter for unseen inputs. This methodology offers several advantages over traditional methods, including faster analysis, reduced computational complexity, and the ability to handle complex filter responses.

In this work, we use Machine Learning techniques for the characterization of microwave filters. In particular, we propose a neural network which is able to estimate S and Z-parameters for a given frequency band, taking as input the dielectric material parameter configuration of the microwave filter.